Consumption of fresh bagged spinach contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has led to severe illness and death; however current culture-based methods to detect foodborne STEC are time consuming. Since not all STEC strains are considered pathogenic to humans. it is crucial to incorporate virulence characterization of STEC in the detection method. In this study. https://www.hacklinkci.com/